Comparison between tract and nerve

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  Comparison between tract and nerve Nerve Nerve contain bundle of axons (nerve fibers) in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that transmits signals between the central nervous system (CNS) and other parts of the body. It is the most important part of peripheral nervous system Location: Peripheral nervous system. Structure: Made of axons, connective tissue layers (endoneurium: axon is surrounded by it , perineurium: bundle of axons are surrounded by it, epineurium: whole nerve trunk is surrounded by it), and blood vessels. It gets myelination by Schwann cell   Function: Carries sensory signals to the CNS (afferent) from peripheral part of body or motor signals carry from from the CNS (efferent) to target organs like skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle or glands Example: Sciatic nerve, median nerve, except optic nerve (though optic nerve is technically part of CNS in develop...
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Difference between autosome and sex chromosome

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Difference between autosome and sex chromosome


Autosome

Sex chromosome

Autosomes: Autosomes determine the trait. Males and females contain the same copy of autosomes.

 

Sex..chromosomes: Sex..chromosomes determine the gender. They are different in males and females by their size, form, and behavior.

Autosomes are labeled with numbers, from 1 to 22

Sex chromosomes are labeled with letters as XY, ZW, XO and ZO.

Most of the chromosomes within a genome are autosome

A few of the chromosomes within a genome are sex chromosomes.

The 22 pairs of autosomes are homologous in humans

 

Female sex chromosomes (XX) are homologous (homomorphic) while male sex chromosomes (XY) are non-homologous (heteromorphic).

Since autosomes are homomorphic, the position of the centromere is identical.

 

Since the male sex chromosomes are heteromorphic, the position of the centromere is not identical. The position of the centromere in female sex chromosomes is identical.

Autosomes contain the number of genes varying from 200 to 2000. Chromosome 1 which is the largest, carries about 2800 genes in humans

X chromosome contains more than 300 genes while Y chromosome contains only a few genes since it is small in size.

Autosomal disorders show Mendelian inheritance

Sex-linked disorders show Non-Mendelian inheritance.

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