Comparison between tract and nerve

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  Comparison between tract and nerve Nerve Nerve contain bundle of axons (nerve fibers) in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that transmits signals between the central nervous system (CNS) and other parts of the body. It is the most important part of peripheral nervous system Location: Peripheral nervous system. Structure: Made of axons, connective tissue layers (endoneurium: axon is surrounded by it , perineurium: bundle of axons are surrounded by it, epineurium: whole nerve trunk is surrounded by it), and blood vessels. It gets myelination by Schwann cell   Function: Carries sensory signals to the CNS (afferent) from peripheral part of body or motor signals carry from from the CNS (efferent) to target organs like skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle or glands Example: Sciatic nerve, median nerve, except optic nerve (though optic nerve is technically part of CNS in develop...
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Difference between granular and agranular leukocytes

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Difference between granular and agranular leukocytes

Leukocytes or white blood cells are divided into two main types according to the presence or absence of granules in their cytoplasm:

1. Granular Leukocytes These leukocytes contain visible granules in their cytoplasm and have a lobed nucleus. They include:

    • Neutrophils (Most abundant, 50-70% of WBCs). It phagocytosis of bacteria and fungi. It has multilobed nucleus, fine granules. It is neutral (pinkish stain in H&E).
    • Eosinophils (1-4% of WBCs)  it defend against parasitic infections, modulate allergic reactions.it has bilobed nucleus, large red/orange granules.
    • Stain: Acidic (eosinophilic, red/orange).
    • Basophils (Least abundant, <1% of WBCs) release histamine and mediate inflammatory and allergic responses. It has bilobed nucleus, large dark blue/purple granules.
    • Stain: Basic (basophilic, blue/purple).

2. Agranular Leukocytes (Agranulocytes) These leukocytes lack visible granules and have a round or kidney-shaped nucleus. They include:

    • Lymphocytes (20-40% of WBCs) it do adaptive immunity (T cells, B cells, and Natural Killer (NK) cells). It has large, round nucleus with scant cytoplasm.
    • Types:
      • T cells (cell-mediated immunity)
      • B cells (antibody production)
      • NK cells (kill virus-infected and tumor cells)
    • Monocytes (2-8% of WBCs) do phagocytosis; differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells.it has  Kidney-shaped or horseshoe-shaped nucleus.
    • Largest WBC in size.

Granular leukocytes

Agranular leukocytes

Granular white blood cells contains numerous granules in the cytoplasm,

Agranular white blood cells have few or no granules in the cytoplasm .

They contain lobulated nucleus

They contain large spherical nucleus

Eosinophils and Basophils and Neutrophils are granulocytes.

Monocytes and lymphocytes are agranulocytes

They are all capable of amoeboid movement

They are not  capable of amoeboid movement

They are 55-70% of total white blood cells.

Neutrophil 50-70%

Eiosonophil 2-4%

Basophil <1%

They are 20-30% of total white blood cells.

Monocytes : 2-8%

Lymphocytes : 20-30%

 

Diameter of granular leukocytes

Neutrophil 10–12 µm

Eiosonophil 10–12 µm

Basophil 8-10 µm

Diameters of agranular leukocytes Monocytes : 12-20 µm

Lymphocytes : 6-14 µm

 

They are contain enzymes:histamine & heparin which  are important in inflammation, allergic reactions & asthma.

 Eosinophils are help to fight against diseases. Their number increases in our blood during a parasitic infection, an allergic reaction or a state of cancer.

Agranulocytes help our body to fight against diseases and external infections through phagocytosis and making antibodies.

 



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