Comparison between tract and nerve

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  Comparison between tract and nerve Nerve Nerve contain bundle of axons (nerve fibers) in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that transmits signals between the central nervous system (CNS) and other parts of the body. It is the most important part of peripheral nervous system Location: Peripheral nervous system. Structure: Made of axons, connective tissue layers (endoneurium: axon is surrounded by it , perineurium: bundle of axons are surrounded by it, epineurium: whole nerve trunk is surrounded by it), and blood vessels. It gets myelination by Schwann cell   Function: Carries sensory signals to the CNS (afferent) from peripheral part of body or motor signals carry from from the CNS (efferent) to target organs like skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle or glands Example: Sciatic nerve, median nerve, except optic nerve (though optic nerve is technically part of CNS in develop...
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Difference between children trachea and adult trachea

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Difference between children trachea and adult trachea

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Size and Length: Because children's bodies are smaller than those of adults, their tracheas are proportionally shorter and smaller.
Adults have a longer, wider trachea, which is indicative of their larger bodies.
Adaptability
When a youngster is developing, their trachea can expand and move more freely because it is more elastic and flexible.
In adults: As the cartilage rings that support the trachea's structure grow more rigid with age, the trachea loses flexibility.
Cartilage Make-Up:
In children: The tracheal cartilage rings may be more malleable due to their incomplete development.
In adulthood, the trachea receives structural support from the completely developed cartilage rings.

Children trachea

Adult trachea

Internal diameter 3 mm or more

Internal diameter : 12mm

Shorter

Longer

Tracheal cartilage  is not fully formed

Tracheal cartilage is fully formed

More flexible and elastic

Less flexible

Vertebral level : cervical 3 to 4

Vertebral level : cervical 5 to 6

Funnel shape : upper end wider than lower end

Cylindrical shape

It is place more deeply than adult and more movable

It is place more superficial  and more fixed

In children left brachiocephalic vein and summit of the arch of aorta is situated just above the suprasternal notch so low tracheostomy is risky in children , the aforesaid structures may be injured producing alarming hemorrhage

Usually not crossed by these structures

Therefore, low tracheostomy is  less risk

In children,  the smaller size and greater flexibility of the trachea, make susceptible to airway obstruction and injury from foreign objects

 adults trachea  the larger and more rigid trachea may offer some protection against certain types of airway obstructions and injuries

Trachea is shorter and softer

Trachea is longer and less softer

 


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