Comparison between tract and nerve

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  Comparison between tract and nerve Nerve Nerve contain bundle of axons (nerve fibers) in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that transmits signals between the central nervous system (CNS) and other parts of the body. It is the most important part of peripheral nervous system Location: Peripheral nervous system. Structure: Made of axons, connective tissue layers (endoneurium: axon is surrounded by it , perineurium: bundle of axons are surrounded by it, epineurium: whole nerve trunk is surrounded by it), and blood vessels. It gets myelination by Schwann cell   Function: Carries sensory signals to the CNS (afferent) from peripheral part of body or motor signals carry from from the CNS (efferent) to target organs like skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle or glands Example: Sciatic nerve, median nerve, except optic nerve (though optic nerve is technically part of CNS in develop...
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Difference between upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron lesion

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Difference between upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron lesion
Features
Upper motor neuron lesion
Lower motor neuron lesion
Site of lesion
Cerebrum , internal capsule, cerebral p cerebellum, brain stem, spinal cord
Anterior horn cell of spinal cord , nerve root, peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junction, muscles
Cause
Hemorrhage, thrombosis, embolism , transaction of spinal cord
Trauma , compression, poliomyelitis, motor neuron disease
Muscle tone
Increases (hypertonia or spasticity )
Decreased (hypotonia or flaccidity )
Muscle
Paralysis involve movement  
Individual muscle or group of muscles are affected
Muscle wasting
Absent (except due to disuse atrophy)
Present
Extent of paralysis
Widespread
Localized
Babinski’s sign
Present
Absent
Deep reflex or Tendon reflexes
Exaggerated
Diminished or lost
Superficial reflexes
Absent
Present
Sensory loss
Cortical sensation
Peripheral sensation
Muscle clonus
Present
Absent
Fasciculation
No
Yes
Electromyography
Normal nerve conduction
Abnormal nerve conduction

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