Posts

Showing posts from May, 2024

Comparison between tract and nerve

-
  Comparison between tract and nerve Nerve Nerve contain bundle of axons (nerve fibers) in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that transmits signals between the central nervous system (CNS) and other parts of the body. It is the most important part of peripheral nervous system Location: Peripheral nervous system. Structure: Made of axons, connective tissue layers (endoneurium: axon is surrounded by it , perineurium: bundle of axons are surrounded by it, epineurium: whole nerve trunk is surrounded by it), and blood vessels. It gets myelination by Schwann cell   Function: Carries sensory signals to the CNS (afferent) from peripheral part of body or motor signals carry from from the CNS (efferent) to target organs like skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle or glands Example: Sciatic nerve, median nerve, except optic nerve (though optic nerve is technically part of CNS in develop...
Post a Comment
Read more

Difference between internal and external hemorrhoids

-
Image
  Difference between internal and external hemorrhoids  Hemorrhoids are enlarged veins in the anal area that can be either internal or external. These two kinds are contrasted here: Internal hemorrhoids develop above the dentate line, which marks the start of the anal canal, inside the rectum. Unless they prolapse, they are not felt or seen during a physical examination Symptoms: Unless they prolapse, they usually don't hurt. Bleeding during bowel movements, discomfort if prolapsed, and a sense of incomplete evacuation are possible symptoms. Treatment: For severe cases, treatment options include hemorrhoidectomy or rubber band ligation, as well as lifestyle modifications and drugs to minimize swelling. External Hemorrhoids Location: External hemorrhoids develop beneath the dentate line, beneath the skin surrounding the anus. The symptoms may be unpleasant, particularly if the hemorrhoid is thrombosed (a blood clot forming inside the hemorrhoid). Swelling, itching, and p...
Post a Comment
Read more

Difference between male and female development of urethra

-
Image
  Difference between male and female development of urethra The development of  urethra in males & females originates from   urogenital sinus , which is derived from the hindgut endoderm during embryonic development. The process differs significantly between male and female sexes due to the influence of sex hormones. 1. Development of Male Urethra Origin: The male urethra develops from   urogenital sinus and extends into the phallus . Stages of Development: Prostatic and membranous urethra : Derived from the pelvic part of the urogenital sinus. Penile (spongy) urethra : Derived from the phallic part of the urogenital sinus. Glans urethra : Formed by canalization of the ectodermal cord from the tip of the glans penis. Hormonal Influence: Testosterone, via dihydrotestosterone (DHT) , plays a crucial role in urethral elongation and closure. Clinical Correlation: Hypospadias : Incomplete fusion of urethral folds results in an abnormally placed ureth...
Post a Comment
Read more

Difference between lesion of oculomotor, trochlear and abducent nerve

-
Image
  Lesion of nerves supply extraocular muscle Nerve Lesion Oculomotor nerve lesion down and abducted eye Trochlear nerve lesion Upward and adducted eye Abducent nerve lesion Adducted eye ' The trochlear nerve innervation, functions of muscles and lesion   Innervation Function Lesion Extraocular muscle Superior oblique   Intorsion (medial rotation), depression and abduction, respectively. Trochlear nerve palsy results in upward deviation of the eye (hypertropia). The abducent   nerve innervation, functions of muscles and lesion   Innervation Function Lesion Extraocular muscle Lateral rectus   Abducts the eyeball. Trochlear nerve palsy results in upward deviation of the eye (hypertropia). Lesion of oculomotor nerve The oculomotor nerve innervation, functions of muscles and lesion : L...
Post a Comment
Read more