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Showing posts from October, 2016

Comparison between tract and nerve

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  Comparison between tract and nerve Nerve Nerve contain bundle of axons (nerve fibers) in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that transmits signals between the central nervous system (CNS) and other parts of the body. It is the most important part of peripheral nervous system Location: Peripheral nervous system. Structure: Made of axons, connective tissue layers (endoneurium: axon is surrounded by it , perineurium: bundle of axons are surrounded by it, epineurium: whole nerve trunk is surrounded by it), and blood vessels. It gets myelination by Schwann cell   Function: Carries sensory signals to the CNS (afferent) from peripheral part of body or motor signals carry from from the CNS (efferent) to target organs like skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle or glands Example: Sciatic nerve, median nerve, except optic nerve (though optic nerve is technically part of CNS in develop...
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Difference between DNA and RNA

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Difference between DNA and RNA DNA RNA Two stranded polynucleotide chain pentose sugar is D-2 deoxyribose Nitrogenous base are adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine Pairing of nitrogenous base A=T C=T 5. Function -self replication. RNA synthesis Single stranded polynucleotide chain pentose sugar is D -ribose Nitrogenous base are adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracyl (Thymine replace by uracyl) A=U C=G 5. Synthesis protein
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Difference between euchromatin and heterochromatin

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Heterochromatic 1.       Densely packed portion of chromatin 2.       It contain inactive DNA 3.       It is genetically inactive. 4.       It has staining capacity with hematoxylin so it looks Bluish in colour. 5.       Genes contain within the inactive DNA are not always express until specific signal is came 6.       It is responsible for gene regulation and protect integrity of chromosomes 7.       It is unable to produce mRNA so it cannot produce protein    8.       So a cell with dark blue nucleus mean inactive cell 9.       It is located periphery of nucleus 10.   Example : lymphocyte, fibrocyte Euchromatic 1.        uncoiled portion ...
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Difference between mitosis and meiosis

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Difference between mitosis and meiosis Topics Mitosis Meiosis Occurs in mitosis cell division increase number of somatic cells, immature germ cells meiosis cell division produces mature germ cell number of daughter cell produce after  division 2 4 chromosome number of daughter cells after cell division Remain same diploid (46) Reduces by half haploid (23) identical / non-identical identical (genetically same) non-identical (genetically different) one/ two division processes one division process two division process cross over not occurred occurred Pairing of homologus chromosome Not occurred Occurred Function Takes part in general growth and   healing and repair. ...
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Difference between cardiac muscle and smooth muscle

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Topics Cardiac Smooth Muscle cell Short, narrow cell Short, elongate, fusiform cell Location Heart, SVC,IVC Vessels, organs Connective tissue components Endomysium Endomysium Branching Present Absent Striation Present Absent Nucleus Single center Single centerally placed  Cell to cell junctions Intercalated disks containing fasciae adherents macula adherens gap junctions Gap junctions Special features Intercalated disks Dense body Functions Involuntary Involuntary Regeneration None Present
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Difference between skeletal muscle and smooth muscle

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Difference between skeletal muscle and smooth muscle  Topics Skeletal Smooth Muscle cell Large, elongate cell Short, elongate, fusiform cell Location Muscles of skeleton Vessels, organs Connective tissue components Epimysium, perimysium Endomysium Endomysium Branching Absent Absent Striation Present Absent Nucleus Multinucleated & Peripherally placed  Single centerally placed  Cell to cell junctions None Gap junctions Special features Well-developed sER and T- tubules Dense body Functions Voluntary Involuntary Regeneration Limited Present
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Difference between skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle

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Difference between skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle   Topics  Skeletal Cardiac Shape and size  long and cylindrical  Short, cylindrical  Location  skeleton muscle (muscle attached with skeleton)  Heart, SVC, IVC Connective tissue components  Epimysium (cover whole muscle) ,  perimysium (cover individual muscle bundle)   Endomysium (cover individual muscle cell)  Endomysium Branching Absent Present Striation Present Present Nucleus Multinucleated & Peripherally placed  Single centerally placed  Cell to cell junctions None Intercalated disks containing fasciae adherents macula adherens gap junctions Special features Well-developed sER and T- tubules In tercalated disks Functions Voluntary Involunt...
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Difference between primary and secondary cartilaginous joint

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Cartilaginous Joint (Amphiarthrosis)  is a type of joint where two bones are connected by cartilage , allowing limited or no movement . These joints provide stability and slight flexibility in areas where strength is needed along with some mobility present in some type’s. Unique feature  of Cartilaginous Joints Two bones are joined by cartilage (hyaline or fibrocartilage). It don’t have  a joint cavity (unlike synovial joints). It allow little to no movement (either synarthrosis or amphiarthrosis). It is located areas of body where need more support and slight mobility (e.g., spine, pelvis).   Primary Cartilaginous Joints (Synchondrosis) ✅ Structure: two bones are joined by hyaline cartilage . It is usually temporary joint (ossify with age, except a few) because the cartilage between two bones became converted into bone and so there is no sign of joint ✅ Movement: No or very little movement (synarthrosis). ✅ Examples: Epiphyseal plate ...
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